Abstract:[Objective] To investigate the clinical efficacy of Ilizarov technique for simultaneous treatment of tibial infectious bone de- fect accompanied with foot drop. [Methods] From January 2013 to September 2020, 45 patients received debridement, resection of infected bone segment, bone transport and foot stretch correction by Ilizarov external fixator for infectious tibial bone defect complicated with foot drop deformity. The clinical and imaging results were summarized. [Results] All patients were successfully operated on without any impor- tant vascular or nerve injury, while with wound healing time of (36.22±11.24) days, the external frame adjustment time of (3.26±1.32) months, the bone transport length of (6.74±3.26) cm, and the bone defect healing time of (20.22±5.84) months. As time went in the followup lasted for (28.6±12.4) months, the VAS score decreased significantly (P＜0.05) , whereas the AOFAS score and ankle ROM increased sig- nificantly (P＜0.05) . Radiographically, the tibial shaft angulation was corrected significantly over time (P＜0.05) , whereas the mMPT and mLDTA remained unchanged (P＞0.05) , and the discrepancy in bilateral tibial length was significantly decreased (P＜0.05) , with bony heal- ing of the bone defects and osteotomy sites finally in all patients. [Conclusion] The Ilizarov technique does achieve satisfactory clinical out- comes for treating osteomyelitis, repairing large bone defect and correcting foot drop simultaneously.