干细胞和外泌体治疗椎间盘退变的研究现状

Current research status of stem cells and extracellular vesicles in the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration

摘要:

颈肩腰腿痛是危害人类健康的临床常见病，而椎间盘退变(intervertebral disc degeneration，IVDD)则是引发颈、腰间盘突出导致颈肩腰腿痛的主要原因。近年来，间充质干细胞及其外泌体在延缓和治疗IVDD方面展现出极大的优越性，其不仅具有分化为髓核细胞的能力，同时可以促进髓核细胞增殖、抑制凋亡及其炎症反应。然而，考虑到退变椎间盘的微环境不适宜细胞生长，因此以外泌体为代表的非细胞疗法有望成为细胞治疗的替代疗法。本文对几种常见间充质干细胞及外泌体在治疗IVDD上的最新研究成果进行了梳理和综述，以期让同道们更好地了解间充质干细胞及外泌体在此领域临床上的应用现状及其展望。

Abstract:

Neck, shoulder, waist and leg pain is a common clinical disease that endangers human health, and intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is the main cause of neck, shoulder, waist and leg pain caused by cervical and lumbar disc herniation. In recent years, mesenchymal stem cells and their extracellular vesicles have shown great advantages in delaying and treating IVDD. They not only have the ability to differentiate into nucleus pulposus cells, but also promote nucleus pulposus cell proliferation, inhibit apoptosis, and inflammatory reactions. However, considering that the microenvironment of degenerative intervertebral discs is not suitable for cell growth, the non cellular therapy represented by exocrine body is expected to become an alternative to cell therapy. This article summarizes the latest research results of several common mesenchymal stem cells and extracellular vesicles in the treatment of IVDD, in order to better understand the current clinical application status and prospects of mesenchymal stem cells and extracellular vesicles in this field.