Abstract:Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis (AHO) is one of the most common types of bone and joint infection in children, which should be accurately diagnosed on time and treated early with effective antibacterial drugs to achieve good prognosis. The rational use of an- tibiotics plays an important role in the treatment of this disease. The choice of antibiotics, the mode of administration and the course of treat- ment should be individualized according to the local epidemiology and drug resistance model, the severity of the disease, the virulence of pathogenic bacteria, the underlying diseases and immunity of children and their response to treatment. In addition, the epidemiology of the disease has changed rapidly in the past decade, especially the infection caused by methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) , which poses a new challenge to the treatment.