痉挛性脑瘫异常步态的相关因素与治疗

Associated factors and treatment of abnormal gait in spastic cerebral palsy

摘要:

脑瘫是儿童运动功能障碍最常见的病因。本文阐释了脑瘫患者中枢神经系统损伤特点、神经肌肉源性发育缺陷以及步态异常三者之间的内在联系。头部 MRI 是判断大脑损伤情况的金标准，三维步态分析是描述脑瘫患者步态异常的金标准， 最近的研究发现遗传学分析在脑瘫的研究中越来越重要。本文还总结了目前对痉挛型脑瘫患者常用的手术治疗方式及疗效。从微观和功能的角度对痉挛型脑瘫患者的肌肉发育缺陷（包括肌力减弱、肌腱短、痉挛和选择性运动控制障碍）的受累情况进行特异性的分析和治疗总结。

Abstract:

Cerebral palsy is the most common cause of motor dysfunction in children. In this paper, the relationship among central ner- vous system impairments, neuromuscular developmental defects and gait abnormalities in cerebral palsy is discussed. The cranial MRI is the gold standard for judging the brain impairment, while three-dimensional gait analysis is the gold standard for describing gait abnormalities in cerebral palsy, additionally recent studies have found that genetic analysis is increasingly important in the study of cerebral palsy. This ar- ticle also summarizes the surgical treatment methods and the curative effect of spastic cerebral palsy. Specific analysis and summary of treat- ment for muscle development defects, including muscle weakness, shortened tendon, spasm and disorderin selective motor control (SMC) were conducted in microcosmic and functional perspectives.