功能训练处方技术预防陆军新兵军事训练伤（开放获取）

(Open Access) Functional training prescription to prevent military training injury in army recruits

摘要:

[目的] 探究功能训练处方对预防陆军新兵训练损伤的作用。[方法] 纳入59 名陆军新兵为研究对象，随机分为试验组24 人，对照组35 人，试验组在常规训练中加入6 周功能训练处方，对照组执行常规训练方案。在试验前后对各组新兵进行功能评估测试和血液生化指标检测，比较组间以及组内差异。[结果] 试验期间共有8 例士兵受伤，其中，试验组1 例，对照组7 例。试验组干预后功能性动作筛查（functional movement screen, FMS） 总分≤14 的比例显著降低，由82.6%降至8.7%，与对照组相比差异有统计学意义（P＜0.001）。两组干预后多项功能指标均改善，其中FMS、左/右侧Y-平衡测试（Y-balancetest, YBT） 和落地缓冲的提升有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。干预后试验组各指标均优于对照组，其中，试验组FMS 评分[(17.3±1.8) vs (13.6±1.9), P＜0.001] 和右侧YBT [(107.8±7.8) vs (103.5±8.0), P=0.048] 显著优于对照组。检验方面，两组干预后的血红蛋白（hemoglobin, HB） 无显著变化，红细胞比容（hematocrit, HCT） 均略有下降，对照组的变化有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；试验组血清尿素（blood urea, BU）、肌酸激酶（creatine kinase, CK）、血清皮质醇（serum cortisol, SC） 和睾酮（blood testosterone, BT） 变化有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；而对照组BT 差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。两组BT/SC 均下降，对照组变化有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。[结论] 下肢局部疲劳是陆军新兵膝关节、小腿损伤的主要原因；基于下肢筋膜松解和功能力量训练的功能训练处方能有效降低膝关节、小腿受伤风险。

Abstract:

[Objective] To explore the effect of functional training prescription on preventing military training injury in army recruits.[Methods] A total of 59 army recruits were included in the study, and randomly divided into two groups, including 24 men in the trial groupand 35 men in the control group. The trial group added 6-week functional training prescription in the routine training, while the controlgroup implemented the routine training program. The functional assessment tests and blood biochemical tests were performed before and af-ter the trial, and the differences between and within the groups were compared. [Results] A total of 8 soldiers were injured during the trial,including 1 in the trial group and 7 in the control group. After intervention, the proportion of functional movement screen (FMS) score ≤14in the trial group was significantly reduced from 82.6% to 8.7%, and the difference was significant compared with the control group (P＜0.001). After intervention, many functional indexes were improved in both groups, among which the improvement of FMS, left and right Ybalancetest (YBT) and landing buffer was statistically significant (P＜0.05). After intervention, all indexes of the trial group were better thanthose of the control group. Of them, the FMS score [(17.3±1.8) vs (3.6±1.9), P＜0.001] and YBT score on the right side [(107.8±7.8) vs(103.5±8.0), P=0.048] proved significantly better in the trail group than those in the control group. In terms of blood tests, there were no sig-nificant changes in hemoglobin (HB) in both groups after intervention, while hematocrit (HCT) decreased slightly, which in control groupwere statistically significant (P＜0.05). The changes of serum urea (BU), creatine kinase (CK), serum cortisol (SC) and blood testosterone(BT) in the trial groups were statistically significant (P＜0.05), while BT change was no significant difference in the control group. However,BT/SC decreased in both groups, which was statistically significant in control group (P＜0.05). [Conclusion] Local fatigue of lower limbs is the main cause of military training injuries in army recruits. Functional training prescriptions based on lower limb fascia release and func-tional strength training do effectively reduce the risk of training injury.