脊髓损伤神经调控重建脊髓中继环路△

Neuromodulation to reconstructs the spinal relay neural circuit secondary to spinal cord injury

摘要:

脊髓损伤（spina cord injury, SCI）破坏大脑和脊髓中神经环路间的信号传递，造成永久性运动、感觉丧失及自主神经功能障碍等。位于脊髓损伤灶上端和下端大多数神经环路在解剖学上保持完整，上述环路可通过脊髓中继神经环路传递下行运动信号。因此，重建中继性神经环路是最具前途的治疗策略之一。其中神经调控技术能够利用残余大脑、脑干和脊髓神经元重建脊髓中继神经环路，改善 SCI 后神经功能障碍。为了解神经调控技术重建 SCI 后中继神经环路的最新进展，本文针对 SCI 后大脑皮质、脑干和脊髓的中继神经环路重建进行综述，进一步讨论 SCI 后相关神经环路神经调控的潜在机制及其意义。

Abstract:

Spina cord injury (SCI) disrupts the signal transmission of the central nerve circuit of the spinal cord, resulting in permanent movement, sensory loss and autonomic dysfunction. However, most of the neural circuits located at the upper and lower lesion remain anatomically intact, and these circuits can transmit descending motor signals through spinal cord relay circuits. Therefore, reconstruction of the relayed neural circuit has become one of the most promising therapeutic strategies. Among them, neuroregulatory technique can reconstruct the spinal cord trunk neural circuit by using the residual brain, brainstem and spinal cord neurons, and improve the neurological dysfunction after SCI. In order to understand the latest progress of neuroregulatory techniques in the reconstruction of relayed neural circuits after SCI, this paper reviews the reconstruction of relayed neural circuits in the cerebral cortex, brainstem and spinal cord after SCI, and further discusses the potential mechanism and significance of the neural regulation of relevant neural circuits after SCI.