不同时长锻炼对膝关节等速肌力的影响△（开放获取）

(Open Access) Effects of different duration of exercise on isokinetic muscle strength around knee

摘要:

[目的] 观察不同时长锻炼对膝关节屈伸肌群等速肌力的影响。[方法] 选取在校大学生54 人纳入本研究，采用随机数字法，将研究对象分为，10 s 组11 人、15 s 组11 人、20 s 组11 人、25 s 组10 人、30 s 组11 人。分别给予相应时长的膝关节功法锻炼，持续12 周。采用Biodex S4 等速测试系统，测试锻炼前与锻炼12 周后，在角速度60°/s 和180°/s 的峰值力矩（peak torque, PT）、相对峰值力矩（peak torque / body weight, PT/BW）、平均功率（average power, AP） 及屈伸肌比值（hamstring /quadriceps, H/Q）。[结果] 与锻炼前相比，锻炼12 周后在60°/s 角速度下伸肌群测试，五组的PT、PT/BW 均显著提高（P＜0.05），10 s 组、15 s 组、20 s 组和30 s 组的AP 显著提高（P＜0.05）；在180°/s 角速度下，10 s、20 s、30 s 组的PT、PT/BW 和AP 显著提高（P＜0.05）；其中20 s 组和30 s 组的变化最为显著。组间比较，相应时间点五组间上述指标的差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。在60°/s 角速度下，10 s 组、15 s 组、20 s 组、30 s 组屈肌测试PT、PT/BW 均显著提高（P＜0.05），15 s 组、20 s 组、30 s 组AP 显著提高（P＜0.05）；在180°/s 角速度下，10 s 组、20 s 组、30 s 组PT、PT/BW、AP 显著提高（P＜0.05）。各组锻炼前后H/Q 无显著变化（P＞0.05），相应时间点，五组间H/Q 的差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。[结论] 传统功法锻炼有助于改善膝关节屈伸肌群最大肌力、爆发力及肌耐力。其中，时长为20 s 及30 s 的锻炼，对于膝关节屈伸肌力改善效果最显著。

Abstract:

[Objective] To observe the effects of different duration of exercise on the isokinetic strength of knee extensor and flexor.[Methods] A total of 54 college students were included into this study and divided into 5 groups by random number method. Of them, 11 per-sons were in the 10-second group, 11 in the 15-second group, 11 in the 20-second group, 10 in the 25-second group and 11 in the 30-sec-ond group, and corresponding duration of knee exercises conducted for 12 weeks. The Biodex S4 isokinetic test system was used to measurepeak torque (PT), relative peak torque (peak torque / body weight, PT/BW), average power (AP) and hamstring / quadriceps (H/Q) at angularspeeds of 60°/s and 180°/s before and 12 weeks after exercise. [Results] In term of extensor, the PT and PT/BW were significantly increasedin all the 5 groups (P＜0.05), and AP were significantly increased in the 10-second group, 15-second group, 20-second group and 30 secondgroup at 60°/s angular velocity 12 weeks after exercise compared with those before exercise (P＜0.05). Furthermore, the PT, PT/BW and APwere significantly increased in the 10-second group, 20-second group and 30-second group at 180°/s angular velocity (P＜0.05), with themost significant changes in the 20-second group and 30-second groups. There was no significant difference in the above indexes among the5 groups at any corresponding time point (P＞0.05). In term of flexor, the PT and PT/BW were significantly increased in the 10-second group,15-scond group, 20-second group and 30 second groups (P＜0.05), and AP was significantly increased in the 15-second group, 20-secondgroup and 30-scond groups at 60°/s angular velocity (P＜0.05), while the PT, PT/BW and AP in 10-second, 20 second and 30-second groupswere significantly increased at 180°/s angular velocity (P＜0.05). However, there were no significant changes in H/Q before and after exercise in all the 5 groups (P＞0.05), and there were no significant differences in H/Q among the five groups at any corresponding time points (P＞0.05). [Conclusion] Traditional exercises does improve the maximum muscle strength, explosive power and muscle endurance of knee exten-sor and flexor. Among them, exercises lasting 20 seconds and 30 seconds have the most significant improvement in knee extensor and flexorstrength.