Abstract:[Objective] To compare the clinical consequence of unilateral biportal endoscopic discectomy (UBED) and percutaneoustransforaminal endoscopic discectomy (PTED) in the treatment of single-segment lumbar disc herniation. [Methods] A retrospective re-search was done on 118 patients who had single-segment lumbar disc herniation treated by endoscopic surgery from January 2021 to De-cember 2021. According to preoperative doctor-patient communication, 58 patients were treated with UBED, while other 60 patients werewith PTED. The perioperative, follow-up and imaging data of the two groups were compared. [Results] All patients in both groups had oper-ation performed successfully. Although the UBED group had significantly less intraoperative fluoroscopy times [(1.4±0.5) vs (7.4±1.5), P＜0.001] than the PTED group, there were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of operation time [(60.6±0.9) min vs(62.0±9.4) min, P=0.470], bed rest time [(1.7±0.5) days vs (1.6±0.6) days, P=0.705] and hospital stay [(4.4±1.0) days vs (4.4±0.9) days, P=0.862]. However, the UBED group consumed significantly higher medical cost than the PTED group [(30.5±0.8) k-yuan vs (26.4±1.6) k-yu-an, P＜0.001]. As time went on, the VAS and ODI scores in both groups were significantly improved (P＜0.05), which proved not significant-ly different between the two groups at any corresponding time points (P＞0.05). Regarding imaging, the spinal canal occupied area ratio de-creased significantly in both groups at the last follow-up compared with that preoperatively (P＜0.05), while the intervertebral space heightand lumbar lordotic angle remained unchanged significantly (P＞0.05). [Conclusion] UBED achieves comparable clinical outcome to PTEDin the treatment of single-segment lumbar disc herniation, although UBED has less fluoroscopic radiation, while more hospitalization costsover the PTED.