Abstract:[Objective] To explore the relationship between postoperative depression and nutritional status in orthopedic surgery. [Methods] A total of 156 patients who were undergoing surgical treatment in Department of Traumatic Orthopedics of the 960 Hospital from October 2023 to May 2024 were selected as the study subjects. The patients were divided into the depression group and nondepression group after operation according to SDS score. The general data of the two groups were compared, and the pairwise correlation between postoperative depression and nutritional status was analyzed. In addition, binary multifactor logistic regression was used to confirm the correlation factors. [Results] There were no significant differences in smoking, drinking, education level, hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, TP, TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, FPG and HB between the two groups (P＞0.05). The depression group proved significantly greater than the non-depression group in terms of age [(62.4±8.1) vs (58.7±9.3), P=0.035], the female ratio [female/male, (40/29) vs (36/51), P=0.039] and BMI [(23.1±1.7) vs (22.8±2.1), P=0.030], NRS score 2002 [(2.2±0.9) vs (1.5±0.8), P=0.001], and SDS score [(57.7±4.3) vs (41.3±5.8), P= 0.001], whereas the former had significantly lower ALB level than the latter [(35.2±3.1) vs (37.4±3.5), P＜0.001]. As results of pairwise correlation, the SDS score was positively correlated with age (r= 0.257, P=0.001) and NRS2002 score (r=0.462, P=0.001), whereas negatively correlated with ALB level (r=-0.368, P=0.001). Regarding to logistic regression analysis, and high NRS2002 score (OR=1.960, P=0.005), the advanced age (OR=1.056, P=0.013), were independent risk factors for postoperative depression in orthopedic surgery. [Conclusion] There is a close correlation between depression and nutritional status in patients after orthopedic surgery, High ALB level (CR=0.867, P=0.019), is one of protective factors for postoperative depression.