Abstract:[Objective] To investigate the clinical consequence of robot-assisted short-segment pedicle screw fixation combined with the involved vertebral body bone grafting for thoracolumbar fractures. [Methods] A retrospective research was conducted on 31 patients who received robot-assisted short-segment pedicle screw fixation combined with the involved vertebral body bone grafting for thoracolumbar fractures from January 2018 to September 2022. The clinical and imaging data were evaluated. [Results] All the patients had operations completed successfully with the average operation time of (121.3±26.3) min, and the intraoperative blood loss of (78.1±31.8) mL, were followed up for (7.5±2.6) months in a mean. As time elapsed from the point preoperatively, 3 days after operation to the latest follow-up, the VAS [(7.4±1.5), (4.2±1.2), (1.1±0.7), P＜0.001], ODI [(71.4±13.6), (47.4±9.7), (24.3±6.3), P＜0.001] significantly reduced. As for imaging, the relative vertebral height [(63.2±16.0)%, (89.6±4.9)%, (88.7±5.5)%, P＜0.001] and local kyphotic angle [(17.8±8.5)°, (4.3±2.7)°, (5.2± 3.2)°, P＜0.001] significantly improved over time. [Conclusion] Robot-assisted short-segment pedicle screw fixation combined with the involved vertebral body bone grafting for thoracolumbar fractures does effectively improve clinical symptoms, restore the height of the injured vertebra and prevent the loss of vertebral height with satisfactory outcomes.