Abstract: [Objective] To evaluate the clinical outcomes of digital-assistance percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) for thoracolumbar os- teoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF) . [Methods] From January 2019 to August 2020, 73 patients with single-segment OVCF were enrolled in this study and divided into two groups by random number method. Among them, 36 patients underwent 3D digital modeling and data measurement before surgery, and underwent digital-assistance (DA) unilateral PVP, while the other 37 patients received the tradi- tional PVP. Perioperative, follow-up and imaging data of the two groups were compared. [Results] All the patients in both groups had opera- tion completed successfully without serious complications. The DA group proved significantly superior to the traditional group in terms of operative time, puncture time and intraoperative fluoroscopy times (P<0.05) , despite of the fact that no significant differences were found in terms of the amount of bone cement injected, the incidence of bone cement leakage, time to resume walking and the full weight-bearing ac- tivity between the two groups (P<0.05) . As time went during follow up period lasted for (19.33±4.65) months, VAS and ODI scores de- creased significantly (P<0.05) , while JOA scores increased significantly in both groups (P<0.05) . At 3 days after operation, the DA group was superior to the traditional group in VAS, ODI and JOA scores (P<0.05) . Radiographically, the anterior vertebral height increased signif- icantly (P<0.05) , whereas the local Cobb angle decreased significantly in both groups postoperatively compared with those before operation (P<0.05) . However, there were no significant differences in aforesaid radiographic items between the two groups at any corresponding time points (P>0.05) . [Conclusion] Compared with traditional PVP, the digital-assistance PVP does improve the precision of thoracolumbar percutaneous pedicle puncture, reduce the number of X-ray fluoroscopy and operation time, and has better clinical results.