Abstract:[Objective] To compare the clinical outcomes of endoscopic transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (E- TLIF) versus oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) for degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS). [Methods] From April 2019 to January 2021, 82 patients with DS were surgically treated in our hospital. According to preoperative doctor-patient communication, 41 patients underwent E-TLIF, while the remaining 41 patients received OLIF. The perioperative, follow-up and imaging data were compared between the two groups. [Results] All patients in both groups had operation performed successfully without serious complications. The OLIF group proved significantly superior to the E- TLIF group in terms of operation time, total incision length, intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative fluoroscopy times, walking time and hospital stay (P<0.05). In addition, the OLIF group had significantly lower ESR, PCT and β-EP than the E-TLIF group at 1 day after operation (P<0.05). The VAS and ODI scores decreased significantly (P<0.05), while the JOA scores significantly increased over time in both groups (P<0.05). The OLIF group was marked significantly lower VAS score than the E-TLIF group at 1 week and 3 months af- ter operation (P<0.05), whereas there were no significant differences in ODI and JOA scores between the two groups at any corresponding time points postoperatively (P>0.05). In terms of imaging, the intervertebral space height and lumbar lordotic angle significantly increased in both groups after surgery compared with those preoperatively (P<0.05), which in the OLIF group were significantly higher than those in the E-TLIF group at 3 months and latest follow-up (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in vertebral slippage percentage and Lenke grade for intervertebral fusion between the two groups at corresponding time points (P>0.05). [Conclusion] Both E-TLIF and OLIF are ef- fective treatment for DS. By comparison, the OLIF has advantages of less bleeding, faster recovery, less trauma, and less impact on serum markers over the E-TLIF.