腰椎减压融合针对性围手术期护理干预的意义

Targeted nursing intervention during perioperative period of lumbar decompression and fusion

摘要:

[目的] 评价围手术期应用针对性护理对腰椎减压融合术后腹胀及便秘的影响。[方法] 2022 年 1 月—2023 年 1 月南京医科大学附属淮安第一医院采用腰椎减压融合术治疗腰椎退行性疾病 120 例患者纳入本研究，采用随机数字表法分为针对组和常规组，每组 60 例，比较两组术后腹胀与便秘情况，以及焦虑状态和对护理工作的满意度。[结果]两组患者均顺利手术，无严重围手术期并发症。针对组在发生腹胀率 （25.0% vs 58.3%, P=0.003）、腹胀评分 [(0.5±0.3) vs (1.3±0.4), P=0.001]、便秘发生率（35.0% vs 63.3%, P=0.014）、便秘评分 [(0.6±0.2) vs (1.4±0.9), P=0.002]、焦虑评分 [(50.7±2.3) vs (57.7±7.6), P=0.002] 和护理满意度评分 [(9.0±1.0) vs (8.1±1.6), P=0.006] 均显著优于常规组。[结论] 围手术期的针对性护理能够有效减少术后腹胀及便秘的发生，减轻患者焦虑状态，改善患者满意度。

Abstract:

[Objective] To evaluate the effect of targeted nursing during the perioperative period of lumbar decompression and fusion on postoperative abdominal distension and constipation. [Methods] From January 2022 to January 2023, 120 patients who were undergoing lumbar decompression and fusion for lumbar degenerative diseases in our hospital were included in this study, and were divided into the tar- geted group and conventional group by random number table method, with 60 cases in each group. The postoperative abdominal distension and constipation, anxiety and satisfaction with nursing work were compared between the two groups. [Results] All patients in both groups were successfully operated on without serious perioperative complications. The targeted group proved significantly superior to the convention- al group in terms of abdominal distension incidence (25.0% vs 58.3%, P=0.003), abdominal distension score [(0.5±0.3) vs (1.3±0.4), P= 0.001], constipation incidence (35.0% vs 63.3%, P=0.014), constipation score [(0.6±0.2) vs (1.4±0.9), P=0.002], anxiety score [(50.7±2.3) vs (57.7±7.6), P=0.002] and nursing satisfaction score [(9.0±1.0) vs (8.1±1.6), P=0.006]. [Conclusion] The targeted nursing does effectively reduce the occurrence of postoperative abdominal distension and constipation, relieve patients' anxiety status, improve patient satisfaction.