全膝关节置换前后人体矢状位生物力学改变△

Biomechanical changes in sagittal plane of human body before and after total knee arthroplasty

摘要:

膝骨关节炎（knee osteoarthritis, KOA） 是一种常见的老年退行性疾病，终末期KOA 可能会造成膝关节屈曲畸形（knee flexion deformity, KFD），KFD 可能会导致原有的人体矢状面失衡。人体则通过脊柱、骨盆、下肢等部位代偿性改变来维持平衡。然而，全膝关节置换术（total knee arthroplasty, TKA） 主要是针对膝关节进行的一种手术，目的是为了矫正KFD。这种手术不仅会影响手术部位的解剖结构和功能，还可能对脊柱、骨盆、髋关节、踝关节产生一定影响，以适应新的膝关节功能和稳定性。本文就TKA 前后的脊柱、骨盆、下肢等部位的矢状位生物力学改变的研究进展进行综述。

Abstract:

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a common degenerative disease in the elderly, and the end-stage KOA usually has knee flex-ion deformity (KFD), which may lead the original sagittal plane imbalance of the human body. Therefore, human body maintains balancethrough compensatory changes in the areas, such as the spine, pelvis, and lower limbs. However, total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a primari-ly surgical procedure aimed at correcting KFD. This type of surgery not only affects the anatomical structure and function of the surgicalsite, but may also have certain impacts on the spine, pelvis, hip joint, and ankle joint to adapt to the new knee function and stability. This ar-ticle provides a review of the research progress on the sagittal biomechanical changes in the spine, pelvis, lower limbs, and other areas be-fore and after TKA.